Wednesday, January 15, 2014

Task 2 – Multi-Camera Production – Theatre Production


This blog contains the Pre-Production report of Annie – The Musical, produced by the Musical Theatre course. It covers our plans for filming, as well as the initial plot of Annie.
 
Pre-Production
Job Roles
Camera Operator
The camera operators are responsible for operating the cameras, maintaining composition, and to capture different shots and angles throughout the filming of Annie. All four team members are Camera Operators, and are in charge of their own separate cameras.
It is imperative to check all camera equipment in the Pre stage. There is always the risk that one of them may not work on the day. The hazard could be resolved if found quick enough.
A recce is needed for the location being used for filming, as well as a review of all set plans.  It is best for camera operators to review the films script before actually filming, so that they know the layout of all scenes beforehand, and be able to capture the footage without fear of missing action.
 
 
 
The script itself should be discussed between the director and camera operators, covering all aspects such as camera positions and risks. One example would be if a camera tripod is placed where the actors need to stand. This problem could be averted by discussing the positions beforehand with the Director.
According to the team’s camera plan, both camera 1 and 2 are on the Ground floor, at opposite ends of the stage. From those two points, we can capture mid shots of any action (E.g. singing) around stage. Camera 3 and 4 capture better wide shots than the other two, since they are further back. They have been assigned to focus mainly on the wide shots.

Sound Recorder
A sound recorder is required to operate and maintain the equipment used to record sound. They are used throughout industries such as live performances and film. Their job roles are split into pro and post production. While in production, the recording of all the audio is carried out. Mixing, editing and enhancing the recorded audio is done in post production.

 



Annie – Breakdown

Annie, the broadway musical, is based around a comic strip by Harold Gray, named Little Orphan Annie. Annie, a young orphan living in a rundown orphanage in New York City, believes that her parents will be coming back for her. She continuously attempts to escape the orphanage only to be stopped again and again by Mrs Hannigan, the cruel orphanage matron.
An opportunity arises which requires one of the children of the orphanage to be chosen to accompany the billionaire Oliver Warbucks for a week, to increase his public imagine. Annie is chosen, much to the dismay of Mrs Hannigan. Both Annie and Oliver gain a bond, and Oliver wishes to adopt Annie. Although first, they must solve the problem which has been nagging Annie forever – her true parents.
With the aid   Oliver places a reward for the true identity of Annie’s parents, causing many frauds and liars to step forward. Including couple Rooster and Lily, who have devised a plan with Mrs Hannigan to claim the reward by pretending to be Annie’s parents. Since Mrs Hannigan knew many secrets about Annie that the other couples did not, they almost claimed the money, until news reaches Oliver Warbucks that Annie’s true parents had passed away. Rooster, Lily and Mrs Hannigan are taken away, and Annie becomes Oliver Warbucks’ daughter.
The show lasts for around an hour and a half.
 
 
 
Idea Development
Our team was present for one of Annie’s rehearsals. We were able to view the theatre, and decided on where cameras needed to be placed. A recce check and risk assessment was carried out, for health and safety reasons. Minor problems were noted, such as blocking exits, and loose wires. Our cameras would have to be operated by batteries instead of another power source, since there wasn’t any nearby plug points at many of our camera spaces.

 

 
Idea Refinement
After watching the rehearsals, we realized that the actors needed alot of space to run into the audience. Two places specifically were used, and our camera plan needed those spaces. We decided to improvise by moving the two cameras which were on the ground floor slightly further back, giving actors room to act.


 
Equipment List
·         4 camera’s
·         4 camera microphones
·         4 (Charged) large batteries
·         4 (Charged) small batteries – spare
·         8 Tapes (2 per person)
These tapes can carry roughly 1 hour of recording time. Between the interval, camera operators must change their tapes to make room.
·         4 Tripods
·         4 Tripod plates (Making sure they match the correct cameras)
·         4 Headphones (Closed)
Post-Production
Set Construction
The set was not made by us; therefore we had to mould ourselves around it. Minor problems such as having cameras in the way of apparent acting were fixed in preparation.
Rehearsals
One rehearsal was attended a week before filming. From there, we gained an invaluable insight in what the theatre looked like, and how we were going to plan from there.
The Playback
 (Still needs to be done)
Overall Review
Filming started at 2:00pm. We arrived an hour earlier to prepare in advance. More minor problems were found, although with the help of my team and tutor, we managed to solve them. All cameras worked fine, and we were able to capture all the footage successfully, changing tapes at the right time, and taking good, sturdy material. Unimportant issues, such as certain actors slightly bumping into the ground floor cameras are easy to ignore, since it is possible to change to a sturdier clip of footage when one camera becomes shaky. We successfully captured all the camera shots we discussed. Wide, mid, and panning to name a few.
(More of this needs to be done)
 
 

 
 

 

Media Audiences & Products - Criteria 5


Genre – TV Crime drama

Sherlock and Elementary – Portrayal
 
TV Crime Drama


Crime Drama is one of many different types of Drama shown on television. It is one of the most enduring, popular genres – not just on TV, but in films and novels.
They are an engaging narrative which can easily toy with the mind. These types of Dramas primarily focus on heroes, whose main occupation is to investigate, punish or commit crimes – usually entailing homicide, assault and robbery. Notable crime dramas in TV history include CSI and Law & Order.
Crime Drama consists of two types. ‘One-off’ crime dramas tend to focus on crimes which create anxiety among the audience, such as murder and serial killing. ‘Long Running’ crime dramas will have a variety of sub-plots, to help build the relationship of the hero characters.
The Crime Drama sub-genre holds many Codes and Conventions, which suspend the belief of reality inside the Drama, which appeals to audiences. By using iconic stereotypical representations of guns, police, and uniforms, they are able to show current social attitudes toward crime. Other conventions include a chase, betrayal, and conflict.
The use of a protagonist in Crime Dramas is slowly changing over time. The ‘good guy chases bad guy’ theme seems to be slipping, and the line between the protagonists seems to be slipping between hero and villain.
This ‘Anti-Hero’ is now an abundant character within Crime Drama. Throughout an episode, this character can shift between a traditional, loyal hero to a cunning, shifty villain.  Their life and attitude is often marked with action, and set themselves a purpose. They will only answer to themselves.
 
Elementary                                                     Sherlock
 
Representation of Characters

In this modernized version of the Conan Doyle characters, Sherlock begins with blurred images of a war. Men and women in uniform are battling, gunfire and shouts are echoing through the battleground. We are introduced to John Watson, who was having bad dreams about a war. We find out that Watson has been in a war, if army insignia printed onto one of his cups and a hand gun in his personal desk wasn’t enough, we later find out that he is recovering from an injury at war – a gunshot to the leg. He is in psychiatry because of this, in which he is told to write a blog about everything he does in his life, to help him get used to his new civilian life. To which he replies “Nothing happens to me.”
 
 
Unlike most Crime Dramas, Sherlock usually starts with an overview of the characters, instead of revealing the plot of the episode. This type of character driven piece makes the audience more attached to the protagonists.
Adding to his problems, Watson is in need of a flatmate who can share out the rent of an apartment. An old friend ‘introduces’ him to Sherlock Holmes, who instructs Watson at he is his new flatmate; telling him that he has found a perfect flat for them – 221 Baker Street.
 
 

 
Holmes is an eccentric sociopath. His brain is only filled with important information, chucking out the useless – such as friendship or love. He is a perceptive overachiever who works as a detective for the police. He is an unconventional hero who holds strong belief that every other person is either a nuisance or stupid. Although he is a rude and uncomforting person, his brilliant intelligence saves many lives.
Watson later proves that he is not just a flatmate or a standby, rather a friend. Watson brings human touch to the duo, which completes the team. And as well as his skills as a medic from war, they create the perfect partnership. As the series carry on, Sherlock becomes slightly more sympathetic to the world around him, befriending his closest co-workers, but without Watson at his side, his endeavours would not have the same result.
The theme music for Sherlock is incredibly catchy and upbeat, and it almost reflects Holmes’ character – intelligent and quirky, fast and unique.
 
Elementary is another version of Conan Doyle’s work. We are first introduced to a crime scene, a woman being assaulted in her own home by an unseen assailant. This foreshadows the fact that this certain case is common and realistic, and something that can happen a lot more than Sherlock’s more eccentric plots. This style is unique since it is a real life threat.
More importantly, what is most unique about Elementary is that Joan Watson is played by a female actor, Lucy Liu. This gives a unique perspective of her life, and a very different approach from previous Sherlock replicas.

Outfits worn in both Elementary and Sherlock represent their surroundings. Both are set in modern London, therefore all characters wear their usual, casual clothes. The only variance is that in the show Sherlock, the main character sometimes wears a hat, the same style as Conan Doyle’s first work of Sherlock.
The episode cuts to Joan Watson, who is busy carrying at her morning routine. Just as Sherlock, the show represents the companion’s life first, before the ‘Sherlock’ figure arrives onto the scene. Joan works as a ‘Sober Companion’, which is a person who provides one-to-one assistance to people recovering from an addiction, which in this case is drug addiction.
Throughout the show, Joan is not shown as a damsel follower, but an intelligent equal who is interested in what she does. Her intelligence would be noted if she was not paired with a drastically more intelligent man, Sherlock. The character storyline of Elementary involved a highly flawed yet intelligent detective (Sherlock) who learns to work together with a highly intelligent sober companion and ex-surgeon (Joan) This bond creates a new Sherlock - since before Joan, Sherlock only had an infrastructure of assistants who surrounded him. But not only does Sherlock slowly work with Joan, but with his entire workforce. Sherlock absorbs and learns information from others, and vice versa. Unlike the other Sherlock, because everyone is constantly looking up to one man for information.
Joan is informed by a rehab personnel that Sherlock has broken out of the rehab facility where Joan was supposed to meet him that morning. She travels to Sherlock’s local address, in hopes that he fled there after escaping the rehab. She finds Sherlock half naked and surrounded by television monitors. He immediately questions her, asking if she believes in love at first sight.
The scene itself is unconventional and reflects the show as a whole. Sherlock and Joan demonstrate that men and women can be friends and colleagues without becoming romantically involved with each other. Contrary to the show Sherlock, Sherlock and John are always considered as a couple by others, even when they aren’t, (And even when John finds a Wife).

Elementary’s Sherlock answerers only to himself. Joan recognizes that the work she does is meaningful, even when others do not. Even though she is in a current situation of being a ‘Sober Companion’, Joan takes the opportunity to adapt to her new surroundings while Sherlock works with the police on his investigations.
Both ‘Companions’ have an un-stereotypical relationship with their Sherlock. John and Joan are at constant battle, trying to keep their Sherlock safe, but with Sherlock’s unusual behaviour of being unpredictable, it would seem that their job is quite hard.
One thing the Companions were forced to deal with was Sherlock’s tendency to wander to the side of evil, to achieve good. This Anti-Hero behaviour is used in series such as Breaking Bad and Dexter, as it creates a question of ‘What if…?’ to the audience.
 
 

A scene in Sherlock. Sherlock texts a whole room of reporters and police with the word ‘Wrong’
as they are not solving a certain case right.
 
Narrative Structure
We learn about the two Sherlock’s as the shows continue, we start off with incredibly little. Although their un-stereotypical personalities unravel quickly as time goes on. We start learning more about the companions and their struggles first. John served time in the military and is having struggles coping with civilian life, he is told to write a blog about everything that happens in it. Once he meet Sherlock, his life drastically changes to danger and intrigue.
Joan works as a sober companion for addicts. One of her new clients – Sherlock – has somehow escaped from the Rehab. Joan is intelligent and inquisitive, and can cope with Sherlock’s constant unusual behaviour. Mostly.
Both Elementary and Sherlock have placed an un-stereotypical man inside a stereotypical situation. They do not adapt, but change the world around them.
These unique stories work well, and are popular texts which use experimental media language and narrative structures which work incredibly well.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 



Sunday, January 12, 2014

The Principles of Editing

Editing of film or video material is an essential part of any film production. Without the process of manipulating source material, all film and video would have to be shot in sequence and without mistakes.


Editing has adapted and evolved as technology has improved with time. 


History of Editing


Classic Montage


Classic Montage (French for ‘Assembly’) is the sequence of shots to show the passage of time in the story, and condensed into a small amount of screen time. Montage sequences were often combined with special visual effects – such as fades and dissolves – in the 1930-50’s. 

Two common montage sequences of that period consisted of newspapers and a railroad. There are multiple shot of newspapers being printed, with multiple layered shots of a man looking at a paper, papers at the end of a press, and papers moving between rollers. Headlines rolled on screen whenever something needed to be explained.

Soviet Montage

Created in Soviet Russia, the editing was focused on influencing the audience into the propaganda being shown on scene.


In this video, A man is faced by moral confliction upon encountering his wife's adulterous affair and contemplates over the issue with a mustering desire to murder her lover.

Kuleshov


By placing seemingly unrelated shots side by side (Juxtaposition) film-makers could create new meaning and create visual metaphors.

 Lev Kuleshov was the leader of the Soviet Montage theory – developing his theories of editing before Sergei Eisenstein. For Kuleshov, the essence of the cinema was editing, by juxtaposition of one shot with another. He created what is known as the Kuleshov Experiment. Shots of an actor were intercut with different meaningful images (a casket, a bowl of food, ect) in order to show how editing changes viewers’ interpretations of images.





                                                        The original Kuleshov Experiment

Eisenstein

Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein was a pioneering coviet Russian film director, often considered the ‘Father of Montage’ . He is noted for films such as Strike (1924) and Battleship Potemkin (1925).

He and Lev Kuleshov argued that montage was the ‘essence of the cinema’. Eisenstein believed that the editing could be used for more than just emphasising a scene or moment, though a ‘Linkage’ of related images. He developed what he called ‘Methods of Montage’.

·        Metrick – Unit of length or measurement
·        Tonal – Emotion of a scene prime factor
·        Rhythmic – Movement in shot conflicts rhythm of editing
·        Overtonal – Metric, Tonal and Rhythm combined
·        Intellectual – Visual metaphors

Example of Eisenstein’s five types:



The Lumiere Brothers

Louise and Auguste worked in a Lyons factory that manufactured photographic equipment and supplies. They created their own combo movie camera and projectors, using a film width of 35cm, and a speed of 16 frames per second.

Their first movie was born in December 28th, 1895, Paris.

George Melies

Melies was a French Cinematic Illusionist, who came up with the idea of fantasy and art films. By using films to tell stories, he set up Europe's first film studio in 1897. It created over 500 films in over 15 years. Few survived, and screened his own productions in a theatre. He went out of business in 1913.

Editing Techniques

Parallel Editing (Cross Cutting)

Cross Cutting is the technique of alternating two or more scenes which happen simultaneously in different locations.

Different story lines unfold in parallel. These  parallel story lines can come together, but it is not necessary. Story lines can converge to make it seems more interesting.

An example of this would be The Godfather, and its famous scene:


Suspense can be created by cross-cutting. It creates expectations and hopes that the scenes will be explained in time.

Cross-cutting is used for pace, suspense and exposition – to narrate the back story, themes, and character detail.

Continuity Editing

Continuity Editing is the use of connecting clips which follow each other directly seamlessly, to ensure that all the clips are shown without blips and errors. If continuity was not there, it would be clear to see. For example, if a door is closed in one clip and open in the next, this breaks the continuity.

Continuity falls if anything breaks the suspense of the clips realism.


This picture shows The Doctor emerging from his Tardis on a motorcycle.
The tardis itself is supposed to be bigger on the inside, therefor shouldn't have strange grate-like
walls on the inside.



Youtube (2012) History of Film Making [Online] Available from http://youtu.be/rv8ls-Jf2xU Accessed on 7th Jan, 2014
Youtube (2009) Soviet Montage [Online] Available from  http://youtu.be/7rt6HRvgkYQ Accessed on 7th Jan, 2014
Youtube (2009) Original Kuleshov Experiment [Online] Available from http://youtu.be/4gLBXikghE0 Accessed on 7th Jan, 2014
Youtube (2012) Eisenstein's 5 Methods [Online] Available from http://youtu.be/MzXFSBlQOe4 Accessed on 7th Jan, 2014
Youtube (2012) Parallel Editing - The Godfather [Online] Available from http://youtu.be/S_I82117oAw Accessed on 9th Jan, 2014
Wordpress (2013) Whopix [Online] Available from 
http://whopix.wordpress.com/2013/03/ Accessed on 12th Jan, 2014